Tympanic Membrane Perforation image

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Opr. Dr. Mehmet ÖZGENÇ -

Tympanic membrane perforation occurs when there is a hole or tear in the eardrum (tympanic membrane). The eardrum is a thin tissue that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and plays a critical role in transmitting sound waves. Perforation typically manifests with symptoms such as pain, hearing loss, and discharge from the ear.


Causes of Tympanic Membrane Perforation

  • Trauma: Impact, inserting sharp objects into the ear, or exposure to explosive sounds.
  • Sudden pressure changes (barotrauma): Scuba diving, air travel, or loud explosions.
  • Middle ear infections (otitis media): Pressure from an infection can strain and rupture the eardrum.
  • Sudden loud noises (acoustic trauma): For example, a firework explosion.
  • Burns or chemicals: Can damage the eardrum’s structure.


Diagnosis

If tympanic membrane perforation is suspected, consult an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist).

  • Physical examination: The ear is examined under a microscope.
  • Hearing test: Evaluates the degree of hearing loss.
  • Tympanometry: Measures the eardrum's pressure and movement capacity.
  • Fluid sample: If there is discharge, a sample can be analyzed for infection.


Treatment

Self-healing:

  • Small perforations often heal on their own within a few weeks. During this time, it is important to keep the ear dry.
  • Pain relief medications prescribed by a doctor may help if there is discomfort.

Medication:

  • Antibiotics: Prescribed if there is a risk of infection.
  • Ear drops: May be recommended to aid healing.


Surgical intervention:

Myringoplasty: Used to repair small tears.

Tympanoplasty: A surgical procedure for larger perforations.


Precautions

  • Protect the ear from water while swimming or bathing.
  • Avoid inserting any objects into the ear.
  • Consult an ENT specialist before activities like air travel or diving to avoid pressure-related complications.